About Romania
ABOUT ROMANIA
The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.
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GOVERNMENT
President: Klaus Iohannis
Prime Minister: Nicolae Ciuca
Government Type: Semi-Presidential Republic
Capital: Bucharest
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GEOGRAPHY
Area Total: 238,397 sq km
Land: 229,891 sq km
Water: 8,500 sq km
Climate: Temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Natural Resources: Petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
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PEOPLE & SOCIETY
Population: 18,519,899 (2022 est.)
Population Growth: -1.09% (2022 est.)
Ethnicity: Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Romani 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, Unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
Language: Romanian (official)
Religion: Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)
Urbanization Urban population: 54.5% of total population (2022)
Rate of Urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Source: The World Factbook
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